Final answer:
The Normans conquered England in 1066. Muslims took over the Iberian Peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire, later influenced by the Ottoman Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The territory that the Normans conquered in 1066 was England, leading to profound changes in the English culture, language, and social structures. This Norman Conquest marked the beginning of a new era for England. The territory that the Muslims took over after the decline of the Roman Empire was the Iberian Peninsula, which includes modern-day Spain and Portugal. Over time, the Iberian Peninsula would become part of different Muslim empires, concluding with the influence of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Reflecting on history, these conquests and changes in territorial control during the Middle Ages had lasting impacts on the cultural and political landscapes of Europe.