Final answer:
The president must obtain Congressional approval for federal funding of a new military program, as Congress holds the power of the purse. This is in line with the system of checks and balances that ensure no single branch of government has undue power.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the president wanted to use federal funding for a new military program, the process of getting that program approved would involve obtaining Congressional approval, making Option A the correct answer. The Constitution grants Congress the power of the purse, meaning that it has the sole authority to allocate federal funds. The president may propose a budget or a new program, but it must be approved by both the House of Representatives and the Senate. This check is part of the system of checks and balances designed to prevent any one branch of the government from becoming too powerful.
While the president can issue an Executive order or sign an executive agreement, these do not grant the ability to allocate funding without Congressional consent. The Supreme Court primarily has a role in interpreting laws rather than approving funding for government programs. And while state government agreement can be important for programs implemented at a state level, federal funding for military purposes rests within the jurisdiction of the federal government, particularly Congress.