Final answer:
The earliest political organization of Israel after the Hebrews returned to Canaan from Egypt was a monarchy, as described in the biblical narrative.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that describes the earliest political organization of Israel after the Hebrews returned to Canaan from Egypt is monarchy. The biblical narrative details that after facing oppression from the Philistines, the twelve tribes of Israel united under a kingdom they named Israel. Their first king was Saul, who assumed the throne around 1030 BCE but was later deemed an ineffective ruler. King David succeeded Saul and was not only an effective ruler but also managed to drive back the Philistines, solidifying the monarchy as the form of government during that time.