Final answer:
Madison opposed Hamilton’s economic plan by supporting a strict interpretation of the Constitution and advocating for multiple regional banks.
Step-by-step explanation:
James Madison's economic plan differed from Alexander Hamilton's primarily by advocating for a strict interpretation of the Constitution, whereas Hamilton favored a broad interpretation. Madison was against the idea of a strong central bank that Hamilton proposed and instead suggested chartering several regional banks.
To avoid concentration of economic power. Madison promoted a limited interpretation, known as strict constructionism, and feared that speculators would benefit more than the nation's veterans from Hamilton's plan, leading to an inequitable handling of the domestic debt.
In contrast, Hamilton and his Federalist supporters backed the idea of a strong federal government and a centralized financial institution, viewing a national bank as necessary for federal government functions and economic stability.