Final answer:
5-chloro-4-methyl-2-hexanol has a six-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group at the second carbon, a methyl group at the fourth carbon, and a chlorine atom at the fifth carbon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked for the structural formula of 5-chloro-4-methyl-2-hexanol. To draw this structure, we must first understand the nomenclature rules. The base molecule is hexanol, which means it is an alcohol (ending in -ol) with a six-carbon chain. The number 2 in front of hexanol indicates that the hydroxyl group (-OH) must be on the second carbon. The prefix "5-chloro" tells us that there is a chlorine atom attached to the fifth carbon. The prefix "4-methyl" indicates a methyl group (-CH3) is attached to the fourth carbon.
To draw this, we start with a six-carbon straight chain. At the second carbon, we draw an -OH group. On the fourth carbon, we add a -CH3 group, and on the fifth carbon, we attach a chlorine atom (Cl).