Final answer:
The two habitats found at high latitudes are the tundra and taiga, specifically the Arctic tundra and Alpine tundra, as well as the boreal forests of the taiga. These habitats are uniquely characterized by their cold climates, with the tundra having the shortest growing season and lowest biodiversity, and are distinctly different from the savanna, which boasts higher biodiversity and is not located at high latitudes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two habitats found at high latitudes are the tundra and taiga, corresponding to the options (d) Taiga and Alpine. The tundra is a biome characterized by freezing temperatures, limited precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra, located at the most northern latitudes within the Arctic Circle, and Alpine tundra, which exists on mountains at high altitudes where trees cannot grow. The taiga, also known as boreal forest, is found in the subarctic zone just south of the Arctic Circle and is dominated by coniferous trees. These habitats contrast dramatically with alternative biomes due to their specific climatic conditions and the adaptations of plant and animal life found within them.
Within these high-latitude biomes, the Arctic tundra has the shortest growing season, resulting in a landscape frequently characterized by lichens and a limited variety of flora and fauna. The taiga, with its boreal forests, supports a different set of species adapted to cold but less extreme conditions compared to the tundra.
Biodiversity is highest in tropical regions near the equator such as the tropical rainforests, whereas the Arctic tundra has among the lowest biodiversity on Earth due to harsh living conditions.
The savanna biome, not found at high latitudes, is where one could expect to encounter an ecosystem dominated by grasses, zebras, and lions, demonstrating much higher biodiversity than tundra and taiga ecosystems.