Final answer:
Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava, sedimentary rocks are cemented from weathered rock fragments or organic remains, and metamorphic rocks arise from existing rocks altered by heat and pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
To match the rocks with the materials they are made of:
- Igneous rocks are made from hot magma or lava that cools and solidifies.
- Sedimentary rocks are made from weathered pieces of rock, including fragments of igneous rock or the shells of living organisms, which are deposited by wind or water and cemented together.
- Metamorphic rocks are rocks which have been transformed due to high temperature and pressure, altering pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rocks physically or chemically.
On Earth, sedimentary rocks include sandstones, shales, and limestones. Meanwhile, metamorphic rocks result from geological activity that carries surface rocks to considerable depths where they are exposed to environmental changes before being brought back to the surface.