Final answer:
The electron configurations using noble-gas notation of the elements represented by the symbols Kr, P, Zr, and Pb are as follows: a. Kr: [Kr], b. P: [Ne]3s²3p³, c. Zr: [Kr]5s²4d², d. Pb: [Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p².
Step-by-step explanation:
The electron configurations of the elements represented by the symbols Kr, P, Zr, and Pb can be described using noble-gas notation.
a. Kr: Kr is a noble gas with the electron configuration [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶. So, the noble-gas notation for Kr would be [Kr].
b. P: The electron configuration of P is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³. The first immediate noble gas is Ne, which has an electron configuration of 1s²2s²2p⁶. Using the electron configuration of Ne to represent the first 10 electrons, the abbreviated electron configuration of P is [Ne]3s²3p³.
c. Zr: The electron configuration of Zr is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d². The first immediate noble gas is Kr, which has an electron configuration of [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶. Using the electron configuration of Kr to represent the first 36 electrons, the abbreviated electron configuration of Zr is [Kr]5s²4d².
d. Pb: The electron configuration of Pb is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p². The first immediate noble gas is Xe, which has an electron configuration of [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶. Using the electron configuration of Xe to represent the first 54 electrons, the abbreviated electron configuration of Pb is [Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p².
The noble-gas notation for the electron configurations of Kr, P, Zr, and Pb are [Kr], [Ne]3s²3p³, [Kr]4d²5s², and [Xe]4f²145d²106s²6p², respectively.
Use Noble-Gas Notation for Electron Configurations
To describe the electron configurations of elements using noble-gas notation, we will use the noble gas that comes before the element in the periodic table to represent the core electrons. Here's how you do it for each of the elements provided: This technique is used to simplify the representation of electron configurations, especially for atoms with many electrons. Note that each element's electron configuration is unique and can be determined based on its position on the periodic table.