Final answer:
The formula responsible for alkalinity when potassium hydroxide is formed is KOH (B) since it fully dissociates in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) which are responsible for the solution's alkaline nature.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the given question, the formula responsible for alkalinity in a solution when potassium hydroxide is formed is KOH. This compound fully dissociates in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-), which are responsible for the solution's alkaline nature. Thus, the correct answer is B) KOH.
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong base, and it ionizes completely in an aqueous solution as depicted in the following chemical equation:
KOH (s) → K+ (aq) + OH¯ (aq)
The presence of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution increases its pH, making the solution basic or alkaline. This ion is what imparts the characteristic alkalinity to solutions of potassium hydroxide.