Question

A systems approach is often a productive way to study biology, but sometimes describing complex phenomena in terms of their specific components (a reductionist approach) is more appropriate. How were both a systems approach and a reductionist approach necessary for Lynn Margulis to fully develop the endosymbiotic theory?

A) Lynn Margulis only used a systems approach.
B) Lynn Margulis only used a reductionist approach.
C) Both a systems approach and a reductionist approach were essential.
D) Lynn Margulis did not use any scientific approach.

Answer 1

Both a systems approach and a reductionist approach were essential for Lynn Margulis to fully develop her endosymbiotic theory, as the systems perspective shed light on the interdependent relationship between organisms, and the reductionist approach provided the specific evidence needed to substantiate her hypothesis.

Step-by-step explanation:

To understand the development of Lynn Margulis's endosymbiotic theory, it is necessary to recognize the importance of both a systems approach and a reductionist approach. The systems approach considers the complex interactions within biological systems, which was significant for Margulis's hypothesis regarding the mutualistic relationship between the host cell and its endosymbiotic organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. On the other hand, the reductionist approach focuses on understanding biological phenomena by studying their individual components. This was crucial for the accumulation of detailed evidence, including microbiological, genetic, and fossil data, which Margulis used to substantiate her theory. In conclusion, it is clear that both a systems approach and a reductionist approach were essential for Lynn Margulis to fully develop her revolutionary theory, making the correct answer C) Both a systems approach and a reductionist approach were essential.