Final answer:
The American Colonization Society encouraged free blacks to move to Liberia, where they established a colony, but faced challenges including disease and political tension with local populations. Hence, the correct answer is option 3.
Step-by-step explanation:
The American Colonization Society (ACS) encouraged free blacks to move to Liberia. Founded in 1816, the ACS was a group that sought to address the issues of slavery and race in America by advocating for the emigration of African Americans to Africa. They helped establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa in 1821 and supported roughly 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony over time.
Despite their efforts, the colony struggled with numerous challenges, such as disease, which led to the death of many emigrants shortly after arriving. Moreover, significant tensions existed between the Americo-Liberians and the indigenous populations, with the former group maintaining political control until the 1980s despite being a minority.