Final answer:
Malcolm likely faced resistance due to not employing the Referent power influence tactic, which often leads to less resistance and more willing cooperation compared to other tactics like Exchange, Pressure, Coercive power, or Rational persuasion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Malcolm faced resistance from his team likely because he did not employ one of the following influence tactics. Exchange (A) involves offering something valuable in return for cooperation, whereas Pressure (B) involves using demands or threats to gain compliance. Rational persuasion (C), which is presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable, tends to be a more effective and positive influence tactic. Coercive power (D) is similar to pressure and involves punishing or threatening to punish someone in order to influence their actions. Finally, Referent power (E) occurs when a leader has charisma or interpersonal skills that cause others to identify with them and want to follow their lead. It is most likely that Malcolm did not use Referent power, which is typically associated with generating less resistance and more willing cooperation.