Final answer:
The land east of the Cascades is suitable for farming and ranching due to irrigation from dams and aquifers, historical settlement policies, and the integration of the railroad, which facilitated cattle transport to eastern markets.
Step-by-step explanation:
The land east of the Cascades is ideal for farming and ranching due to the advent of irrigation opportunities created by dams and aquifers. These technological advancements converted arid lands into productive agricultural areas, allowing for extensive farming operations. The region's history shows that despite government policies initially restricting water use to prevent environmental disasters, these restrictions were frequently loosened or ignored, leading to significant agricultural development. The Homestead Act of 1862 and additional federal projects facilitated not just farming, but also the growth of industry and urban areas, marking a massive population shift in U.S. history. Similarly, historical factors such as the availability of resources to support ranching and the extension of railroad lines enabling the transport of cattle to eastern markets contributed to the area's suitability for agricultural endeavors. The advent of surveying and farming technology in the 19th century transformed the wilderness into profitable farmland, fostering a narrative of progress and settlement.