Final answer:
Access to various privileges and locations, such as voting booths or countries, usually requires government-issued identification. Voter ID laws and passport regulations can lead to disproportionate effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conditions necessary to be granted access to certain privileges or locations can vary significantly depending on the context. In many cases, such as voting or international travel, individuals are required to present some form of government-issued identification. Voter ID laws, for example, demand that individuals show identification that proves their identity and eligibility to vote. Additionally, accessing different countries typically requires a passport, and in some instances, a visa. It's important to note that these requirements can have a disproportionate impact on certain demographics, potentially leading to accusations of institutional barriers or discrimination against minority groups, the poor, and the less educated.
For employment, laws prevent discrimination based on certain group memberships unrelated to job performance, ensuring a more fair hiring process. However, for activities like driving or purchasing alcohol, the government has legal age restrictions in place. While these are forms of discrimination, they are generally accepted because they are designed to promote safety and public health.