Final answer:
Raphael employs the technique of perspective in 'The School of Athens' to create a realistic sense of space and depth during the Renaissance era.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Raphael's The School of Athens, a masterpiece of Renaissance art, the technique used to gather great scholars of religion, literature, and law in a large building is b. Perspective. This is evident through the use of receding parallel lines which give the painting an illusion of three-dimensional space and depth, a method that was prominent during the Renaissance period and notably applied by artists like Filippo Brunelleschi and Michelangelo in their works. Raphael's utilization of perspective guided viewers' eyes to the central figures of Aristotle and Plato, enhancing the composition's spatial realism and sense of order.