Final answer:
Unilateralists are those who believe the United States should pursue its national interests independently. Neoconservatism, contrary to isolationism, advocates for proactive international engagement. U.S. foreign policy includes elements of liberal internationalism and selective engagement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals who argue that the United States should "go it alone" in the pursuit of its national interests are known as Unilateralists. This term reflects a foreign policy approach where a country acts on its own, without seeking the cooperation or agreement from other nations, particularly in the area of security and foreign policy initiatives. This is distinct from the isolationist approach, which suggests retreating from international affairs altogether, and the neo-isolationist which suggests a distance from international organizations while still engaging selectively in global affairs.
It is false to describe neoconservativism as an isolationist foreign policy approach; rather, it advocates for a proactive and often interventionist role in spreading democratic values and defending national interests. The U.S. employs a variety of strategies in its foreign policy, including elements of liberal internationalism, where it engages proactively and cooperatively with other nations and international bodies, and selective engagement, which emphasizes keeping a strong military presence and engaging across the world through alliances and formal installations, all while avoiding becoming the world's police force.