Final answer:
The two main components of a system unit are memory and the microprocessor. Memory stores data, while the microprocessor controls and manipulates the data. Both components reflect the encoding, storage, and retrieval functions found in both computers and living systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two main components of every system unit are memory and the microprocessor. The component that is a holding area for data, instructions, and information is called memory. Another component that controls and manipulates data to produce information is called the microprocessor. Memory in computing refers to the data storage space where information is encoded, stored, and retrieved, similar to processes in the human brain. The microprocessor, also known as a central processing unit (CPU), is an integrated circuit that manages the instructions it receives from both the hardware and software and performs the necessary calculations.
From vacuum tubes in early electronic computers to transistors and silicon chips in modern computers, the technology has evolved significantly. Yet, the basic principles of computing, such as encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, have remained the same, reflecting similar functions in living systems as well.