Final answer:
A bureaucratic organization is the one that emphasizes formal authority, rules, order, fairness, and efficiency. These organizations are structured with a clear hierarchy, explicit rules, and a division of labor to ensure impartial and efficient operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
An organization that emphasizes formal authority, rules, order, fairness, and efficiency is known as a d) bureaucratic organization. Bureaucracies are a type of formal organization characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. These characteristics aim to provide structure and regulate the function of large, impersonal secondary organizations such as schools, businesses, healthcare institutions, and governments. Bureaucracies are designed to function in a way that ensures tasks are performed efficiently and consistently, reducing partiality and maintaining fairness in dealings. Pioneer sociologist Max Weber described bureaucracies as an ideal type, not in the sense of being the best, but as a model that exhibits a collection of distinct characteristics most bureaucracies have.