Final answer:
The central principle of utilitarianism is that actions should maximize happiness for the greatest number of people, according to the principle of utility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central principle of utilitarianism is that we should act in order to maximize happiness for the greatest number of people. This ethical framework suggests that the moral correctness of an action is determined by how well it conforms to the principle of utility, which is often summarized as seeking 'the greatest happiness for the greatest number'. Utilitarianism includes both act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism, with the former applying the greatest happiness principle on a case-to-case basis and the latter using it to establish moral rules to be followed for the social good.
The goal of utility in utilitarianism is not just to increase happiness, but also to minimize unhappiness, aiming for net happiness across society. This implies that moral actions are those that add to the sum total of human happiness while diminishing the sum of all unhappiness. Therefore, when faced with decisions, utilitarian would choose the option that provides the greatest amount of happiness or satisfies the most interests for the most people, adhering to the principle of utility.