Final answer:
In the study of peripheral nerve regeneration, all types of senses that undergo sensory transduction can be lost, including touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. These sensations are mediated by sensory neurons and receptors like mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors which are widespread in sensitive areas of the body. A sensory exam tests these abilities by checking the response to light touch in various dermatomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the study of discovering peripheral nerve regeneration, the sense that is lost encompasses all types of sensations that undergo sensory transduction. This includes converting various stimuli into an electrical signal via the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, when peripheral nerves are damaged, sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain can all be affected. Sensory neurons, including mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and proprioceptors, are responsible for the various sensations we perceive. These sensory receptors are particularly concentrated in areas such as the face, tongue, lips, palms, and soles of the feet.During a sensory exam, dermatomes are tested for their response to touch.
For example, the eighth cervical nerve, when intact, allows one to perceive the light touch of a cotton swab on the skin. However, if peripheral nerve damage has occurred, these sensations may be lost or diminished. The loss of sensation could include not just sensitivity to light touch, but also pain, pressure, and other tactile stimuli due to the involvement of various types of receptors.