Final answer:
The relationship between a stimulus and a response is showcased in behavioral psychology through classical and operant conditioning, where stimuli are associated with responses, and behaviors are shaped by consequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between a stimulus and a response is a fundamental concept in behavior psychology, specifically in the domains of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, organisms learn to associate two stimuli such that one comes to elicit a response that initially was elicited only by the other. This process involves the pairing of a conditioned stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (like the presentation of food) until the conditioned stimulus alone is sufficient to elicit the response (salivation). Pavlov's dog becomes conditioned to associate the ringing of a bell with food. During operant conditioning, represented behavior becomes associated with its consequences. For example, a dog learns that sitting results in receiving a treat. In both conditioning processes, the relationship between stimuli, behaviors, and associated responses can be graphically depicted, highlighting how the strength of these associations can be acquired, extinguished, and spontaneously recovered over time.