Final answer:
Anaerobic exercise can lead to structural cardiovascular adaptations like increased cardiac output and blood pressure, while aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular health without significant structural changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaerobic exercise, which involves intense physical activity in short bursts, can lead to certain structural cardiovascular adaptations in the body. One such adaptation is an increase in cardiac output, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. In well-trained athletes, the cardiac output can greatly increase during maximal exercise. Additionally, blood pressure also tends to increase during intense physical activity.
Aerobic exercise, on the other hand, is a type of cardiovascular exercise that improves the overall functioning of the cardiovascular system. It does not primarily lead to structural adaptations like anaerobic exercise, but it helps in increasing endurance and improving cardiovascular health.
In summary, anaerobic training can cause structural cardiovascular adaptations such as increased cardiac output and blood pressure, whereas aerobic exercise improves the cardiovascular system without significant structural changes.