Final answer:
Michel Foucault's critique of medical knowledge and doctor-patient power dynamics aligns with postmodern theory, particularly through his concept of biopower which underscores the regulation of bodies and health by societal institutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theories that Michel Foucault questioned regarding existing assumptions about medical knowledge and the power dynamics involving doctors are most closely associated with postmodern theory.
Foucault's work critically assessed how power structures affect the production of knowledge and practice in society, including the medical domain. He believed that power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups, but rather, it is a dispersed network that influences various social mechanisms and knowledge systems.
In the context of medicine, Foucault's concept of biopower highlighted how state and societal institutions regulate the bodies and health of individuals, shaping what is considered 'normal' or 'deviant' within healthcare practices.
His views align with postmodernist thought, which often questions the objectivity of knowledge and the roles institutions play in maintaining power dynamics, asserting that these are socially constructed and serve the interests of powerful groups.