Final answer:
Eukaryotic cells are large, complex cells with a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus, enabling a diversity of life forms from yeasts to sequoias.
Step-by-step explanation:
Eukaryotic cells are sophisticated, large-sized cells ranging from 10-100 µm, characterized by a well-defined nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. They make up all forms of multicellular organisms, such as animals, plants, and fungi, as well as some unicellular organisms. The key feature of eukaryotic cells is the presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane, which houses the cell's genetic material in the form of multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes. In contrast to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have a variety of organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and more. These organelles are essential for carrying out specialized functions within the cell.
These cells have a flexible, semipermeable cell membrane and can reproduce both asexually and sexually. The evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells allowed for a greater complexity and diversity in life forms, facilitating the rise of organisms that range in size from tiny yeasts to magnificent giant sequoias and dinosaurs.