Final answer:
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, which are absent in animal cells. Animal cells possess centrioles and lysosomes instead, contributing to their flexibility and cellular functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Both plants and animals are eukaryotes, meaning they have cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. However, their cellular structures differ in a few significant ways. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts, which are necessary for photosynthesis. In contrast, animal cells lack these structures but have centrioles associated with their microtubule organizing centers and lysosomes. The cell wall provides structural support to plants, chloroplasts enable them to convert solar energy into chemical energy, and the large central vacuole serves for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure. Animal cells are more flexible due to the absence of a cell wall, allowing them to take on various shapes and become specialized for different functions.