Final answer:
A prism is the object used to separate white light into the colors of the spectrum by refracting different frequencies of light at varying angles, resulting in a rainbow of colors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The object that can be used to separate white light into the colors of the spectrum is a prism. When white light passes through a prism, the different frequencies of light are refracted at different angles due to different refractive indices. The prism disperses white light into a rainbow of colors ranging from violet, with shorter wavelengths and higher energy, to red, with longer wavelengths and lower energy. This dispersion of light is also what causes rainbows, where raindrops act as tiny prisms. The spectrometer is an instrument that utilizes this principle to disperse light and form a spectrum for analysis. Objects like water droplets and prisms reveal the variety of colors hidden within white light by separating these colors based on their wavelengths.