Final answer:
In Rosenthal's four-factor theory of expectancy effects, differential treatment refers to the way that teachers give their high-expectation students extra opportunities to show what they have learned.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Rosenthal's four-factor theory of expectancy effects, differential treatment refers to the way that teachers give their high-expectation students extra opportunities to show what they have learned. This means that teachers may provide additional resources, support, and attention to these students, which can positively influence their academic performance.
For example, a teacher may assign more challenging projects or tasks to high-expectation students, offer individualized help or feedback, or provide them with leadership roles in the classroom. By doing so, the teacher creates a supportive environment that encourages these students to excel and demonstrate their abilities.