Final answer:
The change described is most likely a change in accounting estimate that requires the restatement of financial statements and disclosure of its impact on net income and earnings per share.
Step-by-step explanation:
The change described in the question, which necessitates the restatement of financial statements for prior periods and the disclosure of its impact on net income and earnings per share, is most likely a change in accounting estimate. A change in accounting estimate occurs when new information leads to a revision of an estimate used in the preparation of financial statements. In this case, Tang Corporation has revised an estimate that affects the financial statements and needs to disclose this change to provide accurate information to its stakeholders.