Final answer:
The practice where a manager in Latin America might give preference to relatives and friends when hiring is called nepotism.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the textbook, in Latin America, the nepotism system leads a manager to give preference to relatives and friends when hiring. The correct answer is b) Nepotism.
Nepotism refers to favoritism granted to relatives and friends, particularly in the context of employment and promotion decisions. On the contrary, a meritocracy is a system where people succeed entirely through hard work and natural abilities, and such a system is more likely to allow for social mobility. The intention of a bureaucracy in being a meritocracy is to ensure positions are filled by the most qualified individuals, which should lead to organizations composed of dedicated experts.