Final answer:
Historical methods involve collecting data from archives and artifacts to study past behaviors and attitudes, as opposed to archaeological, sociological, or anthropological methods which have different focuses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the methods listed, historical methods involve collecting data from written reports or other artifacts to discover patterns in behaviors or attitudes from past times. This approach often incorporates historical secondary data analysis, where researchers utilize existing records to extract patterns, understand historical events, or analyze changes over time.
In contrast, archaeological methods are more focused on physical artifacts and remains from human history, while sociological methods frequently use contemporary data with tools like surveys and interviews. Anthropological methods can include various tactics but tend to integrate a holistic view of human societies, often combining elements of archaeology, sociology, and historical study.