Final answer:
The evolutionary perspective that organisms are predisposed to develop adaptive taste aversions is true. It's a survival mechanism that contributes to natural selection through an organism's learned avoidance of harmful substances, evidenced by studies in classical conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'The evolutionary perspective suggests that organisms are biologically predisposed to develop taste aversions that are adaptive.' is true. Research, such as the studies by Garcia and Rusiniak (1980) and Garcia and Koelling (1966), illustrates that organisms can quickly learn to avoid harmful foods through taste aversion, which is a survival mechanism contributing to natural selection. This form of classical conditioning demonstrates a biological constraint to learning, where organisms are predisposed to associate certain stimuli (like taste) with adverse outcomes (such as illness) more strongly than others (like lights or sounds).
Within the various statements provided, the false one is d. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source. While an injury might incidentally lead to changes in an organism's foraging behavior, it's not an evolutionary change. Instead, mutations are the genetic changes that drive evolution by creating new traits that, if advantageous, can be selected for within a population.