Final answer:
Methods that substitute tissue cultures for whole organisms are called in vitro methods. It involves growing cells, tissues, or organs in laboratory settings rather than in living organisms. This allows scientists to study and manipulate these biological components without involving complete organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Methods that substitute tissue cultures for whole organisms are called in vitro methods. In vitro refers to experiments or procedures performed outside of a living organism, typically in a laboratory setting. In the context of growing organs, tissue, or cells in laboratory dishes, it is known as cell, tissue, and organ culture.
Tissue culture involves growing a group of cells in a tissue in laboratory glass, while organ culture involves culturing the whole organ in culture media or laboratory glass. These methods allow scientists to study and manipulate cells, tissues, and organs without involving whole organisms.