Final answer:
Humanistic theorists emphasize that human beings are motivated to develop their full potential through self-actualization. This is distinct from merely seeking to conform, pursuing basic pleasures, or satisfying physiological needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Humanistic theorists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasized the growth potential of healthy individuals. They posited that people are driven not just by basic physiological needs but by a higher motivation to realize their full potential, a process known as self-actualization. In contrast to focusing solely on pleasure and pain or conforming to societal expectations, humanistic psychology suggests that individuals possess free will and self-determination, driving them to become the best they can be.
At the core of humanistic theory is the belief that humans are naturally motivated to grow and change positively. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, for example, once basic physiological and safety needs are met, social and self-esteem needs become more salient, culminating in the highest need, self-actualization, which is the achievement of an individual's full potential. The fulfillment of these needs is seen as essential for a healthy personality and a productive life. The focus is on the positive nature of humans and the innate capacity for self-improvement.
Therefore, the answer to the student's question is d. Develop their full potential. Humanistic theorists believe that this drive is what motivates human behavior, certainly more so than the desire to conform, the instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain, or simply the urge to satisfy physiological needs.