Final answer:
The student's question involves identifying elements based on nuclear charge, balancing chemical equations, and determining the formula of ionic compounds. In the example provided, aluminum (23 Al) is the product with a nuclear charge of +13, and for a balanced chemical reaction involving magnesium, MgCl2 is formed with a 1:1 simple ratio.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student appears to be asking for help with completing a nuclear reaction equation involving magnesium and sodium, and also identifying the type of reaction. Based on the given information, we know that we are looking for an element with a nuclear charge of +13, which is aluminum (Al) and that it has a mass number of 23, so the product is 23 Al. The other given information involves sodium, 22Na, with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. For a balanced equation involving Mg, we have an example reaction where magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂), demonstrating a single-replacement type of reaction.
Concerning the formation of MgCl₂, the cross method is used to balance the charges between Mg²+ ions and Cl⁻ ions. The resultant formula, MgCl₂, indicates a simple ratio of 1:1 between magnesium ions and chloride ions as they combine to form the compound. Similarly, when predict the formula of the ionic compound between the sodium cation, Na⁺, and the sulfide anion, S²⁻, we have to consider the charge balance to determine the correct formula.