Final answer:
Key characteristics of architecture under Italian Fascism included stylized classicism, grandeur reminiscent of ancient Rome, emphasis on symmetry and geometric shapes, and the use of classical elements like columns and arches to propagate national pride and continuity of the Roman Empire. The influence of the Renaissance period's revival of classical principles also underpinned this architectural approach.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some of the key characteristics of architecture under Italian Fascism focused on a stylized classicism that aimed to revive the grandeur of ancient Rome. This architectural style was used by the Fascist regime to embody the ideals of strength, order, and national pride. Architects like Vittorio Ballio Morpurgo designed buildings that reflected this ideology, as it was seen with the construction of the Ara Pacis Pavillion in 1938. The architecture under Mussolini's regime shunned the irregularities of the previous gothic styles and emphasized symmetry, geometric shapes, and the use of classical elements such as columns and arches, aligning with the regime's propaganda to evoke the continuity of the Roman Empire.
Benito Mussolini sought to instill nationalistic fervor through the use of monumental architecture. Noteworthy is the fact that this pursuit of classical revival came at a tumultuous time for Italy, simultaneously facing political repression and economic stagnation while Fascist forces targeted dissidents. Despite these conditions, the architecture helped to foster a sense of Italian pride and Fascist identity among citizens.
The Renaissance influence was significant as it provided the foundation for this architectural approach, with architects like Filippo Brunelleschi laying the groundwork for the revival of classical principles in construction. The large dome constructed by Brunelleschi for the Florence Cathedral became a symbol of this classical heritage, which the Fascist regime sought to echo in their own constructions to reaffirm their connection to Italy's illustrious past.