Final answer:
The House of Bourbon, a prominent French noble family, emerged as the leaders of France's Protestants and aspired to take possession of the French throne in the late 16th century.
Step-by-step explanation:
The prominent French noble family that emerged as the leaders of France's Protestants and aspired to take possession of the French throne in the late 16th century was the House of Bourbon. They ruled the small kingdom of Navarre and played a significant role in the French Wars of Religion during that time.