Final answer:
The new style of architecture embraced by Charlemagne after being crowned Holy Roman Emperor is called Romanesque, which combined elements from Roman, Carolingian, and Byzantine architecture.
Step-by-step explanation:
After being crowned Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne embraced a new style of architecture called "Romanesque". The Romanesque style combined elements from several periods of architecture, including Roman, Carolingian, and Byzantine concepts. It was characterized by thick walls, small windows, and barrel-vaulted ceilings.
The Romanesque style of architecture combined influences from Roman, Carolingian, and Byzantine architecture, and was characterized by strong, solid forms, round arches, and robust structures. Charlemagne embraced this style to connect with Rome's imperial past and his own ambitions for the empire.
After being crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, Charlemagne embraced a new style of architecture known as Romanesque. This architectural style is a combination of Roman, Carolingian, and Byzantine influences. It represents the transition from early medieval architecture to a style that recalls classical Roman elements with its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, and decorative arcading.
The Romanesque style emerged in the 11th century and was dominant until the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century. Romanesque architecture was characterized by its solid and robust appearance, often incorporating elements of the Roman architectural vocabulary which had been preserved and interpreted in a new way by Carolingian and Ottonian architects. Its development signified a time when Europe was consolidating its identity, with architecture playing a crucial role in manifesting the power and the spiritual authority of the Church.
The adoption of Romanesque architecture during Charlemagne's reign symbolized a connection to Rome's imperial past and echoed the universal ambition of Charlemagne's empire, which aimed to emulate and revive the grandeur of the ancient Romans. Thus, the correct answer is d. Carolingian and Ottonian.