Final answer:
Neurotransmission refers to the process where neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of a neuron, cross the synaptic cleft, and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, facilitating communication between neurons. The correct answer to the provided question is C. Neurotransmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of neurons sending information to each other via neurotransmission is best described by option C: Neurotransmission. This process involves the release of signaling molecules known as neurotransmitters from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters then travel across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the dendrites of a postsynaptic neuron. The synaptic cleft is a small gap that enables the rapid alteration of neurotransmitter concentration, making synaptic communication efficient.
Synaptic transmission can occur at various types of synapses, including those between axon terminals and dendritic spines, between axons, between dendrites, and between axons and cell bodies. Synaptic transmission is typically chemical in nature, involving the release of neurotransmitters, although there are also electrical synapses.
In the context of the given choices, Neurogenesis (A) refers to the creation of new neurons, Synaptogenesis (B) to the formation of new synapses, and Axonogenesis (D) to the growth of axons. Hence, the correct answer to the student's question is C. Neurotransmission.