Final answer:
The nurse should report to the provider if the client reports back pain after nephrostomy tube insertion, as it might indicate a complication such as infection or obstruction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question would be B) Client reports back pain. Following a nephrostomy tube insertion, it is expected that the urine output (UO) may increase and that the urine may be red-tinged due to the procedure. A BUN level of 18 mg/dL is within normal ranges and not a cause for concern. However, the client reporting back pain is atypical and should be assessed further by the provider as it might indicate complications, such as infection, tube displacement, or obstruction, especially following the procedure only 12 hours ago.
It is worth noting that, as seen in the case vignettes provided, infections can occur post-surgery, manifesting as localized redness, warmth, fever, as well as systemic symptoms like high fever, abdominal pain, and changes in urination patterns, such as those seen with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). In the case of patients with nephrostomy tubes, attention to signs of infection or obstruction is particularly important.
The urine's red-tinged color could be a result of the surgery and should be monitored, but is not immediately alarming unless there is associated pain, fever, or other symptoms. The alteration in urine color can indicate various pathologies, but it can also be expected after such procedures, as mentioned in the conceptual definitions provided.