Final answer:
Carbon dioxide and lactic acid are the two substances that travel from muscle cells to the blood in the capillaries. Lactic acid production and increased CO₂ levels during muscle exertion trigger the release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin due to the Bohr effect. The end products of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP and water. Hence the correct options of choice will be a. Oxygen and carbon dioxide and b. Glucose and lactic acid as carbon dioxide and lactic acid are present in the 2 following options respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two substances that travel from muscle cells to the blood in the capillaries are carbon dioxide (CO₂) and lactic acid. When muscle cells are engaged in strenuous exercise, they produce energy either in the presence of oxygen through aerobic respiration or in the absence of it through anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration results in the production of carbon dioxide, while anaerobic respiration results in the production of lactic acid. Both of these byproducts are then transported to the blood in the capillaries.
Explain why the production of lactic acid and CO₂ in a muscle during exertion stimulates release of O₂ from the oxyhemoglobin in the blood passing through the muscle: This happens due to the Bohr effect, where an increase in carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH, caused by the presence of lactic acid, reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, leading to the release of oxygen into the muscle cells. This facilitates the muscle cells to have a sufficient supply of oxygen to meet the increased metabolic demands.
Aerobic cellular respiration produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and H₂O (water) as its products.