Final answer:
The head-head and head-tail structures of PVC can be synthesized by adjusting the reaction conditions during the polymerization process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can exist in two different forms: head-head and head-tail structure. In the head-head structure, all the chlorine atoms are located on one side of the polymer chain. This results in a linear polymer structure.In the head-tail structure, the chlorine atoms alternate between the two sides of the polymer chain. This results in a zigzag-like polymer structure.
The conditions to synthesize these two different types of PVC can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions during the polymerization process. For the head-head structure, a high conversion of vinyl chloride monomers and low polymerization initiation rate is desired. On the other hand, for the head-tail structure, a low conversion of vinyl chloride monomers and high polymerization initiation rate is preferred.