Final answer:
The correct equation to represent the number of hotdogs Noah has after selling some over time is 114 - 31t = H. The impact on hamburger demand from price changes of substitutes and complements is uncertain and can have opposing effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
An equation to model the situation where Noah has 114 hotdogs and sells 31 hotdogs per hour can be written as 114 - 31t = H, where H is the number of hotdogs remaining after t hours.
None of the options provided, A) 114 + 31 = H, B) 31 - 114 = H, C) 31H = 114, or D) 114H = 31, correctly represent the situation. Instead, as Noah sells the hotdogs, the number he has decreases over time. Therefore, the equation shows the starting amount of hotdogs (114) and subtracts the product of the number of hotdogs sold per hour (31) and the number of hours (t).
When it comes to the demand for hamburgers when the price of substitute goods and complementary goods change, it is not certain what will happen to the demand for hamburgers. If the price of hotdogs, a substitute, increases, people might switch to hamburgers, increasing demand. However, if the price of hamburger buns, a complement, also increases, this could decrease the demand for hamburgers, as the overall cost of a hamburger meal goes up. The net effect on hamburger demand is ambiguous without more information.