Final answer:
To sketch and label the forces acting on a ball being pushed uphill, one should include applied force, gravitational force (weight), normal force, friction, and the downhill component of gravitational force. These are represented using arrows in a free-body diagram, showing the magnitude and direction of each force.
Step-by-step explanation:
To sketch and label the forces pushing a ball up a hill and pulling it down, one should consider the following forces:
- Applied force: This is the force used to push the ball uphill.
- Gravitational force: Also known as weight, it acts directly downward towards the center of the Earth.
- Normal force: This is the support force exerted by the surface of the hill, perpendicular to its surface.
- Friction: This force opposes the motion and acts parallel to the surface, but in the opposite direction of the applied force.
- Component of gravitational force parallel to the hill: Part of the gravitational force acts down the slope, opposing the applied force.
When creating a free-body diagram, each force is represented by an arrow, with its length proportionate to the magnitude of the force and the arrow pointing in the direction that the force is acting. The applied force and the component of the gravitational force down the slope are the key forces influencing the acceleration up or down the hill.
Additionally, if the ball is at rest or moving at constant speed, the net force acting on the ball would be zero, indicating that the applied force and the downhill component of gravity are balanced by friction and the uphill component of the normal force.