Final answer:
The figurative element where the opposite of what is expected occurs is irony, as in the use of a statement or situation that may convey a meaning that is opposite to its literal sense.
The correct answer is b. Irony.
Step-by-step explanation:
The figurative element that is used when the opposite of what is expected to happen occurs is known as irony. Irony is a literary device where the meaning of a situation is understood to be different from the literal or expected outcome. It is often used for a humorous or emphatic effect.
For instance, saying 'What a beautiful day!' during a storm is an example of irony. It is not to be confused with idioms, which are phrases that have a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g., 'rain cats and dogs'), or foreshadowing, which is a hint or clue about what will happen later in the story.
Therefore, the correct option in response to the question is B) Irony.