Final answer:
Meiosis produces haploid cells through two rounds of cell division, requires interphase for DNA replication, and occurs only in gamete-producing cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that produces haploid gametes is called meiosis. It's a type of cell division crucial for sexual reproduction where the chromosomal number is reduced by half. During meiosis, which consists of Meiosis I and Meiosis II, one diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid cells. Each haploid cell contains one chromosome from each homologous pair, ensuring genetic diversity when these cells fuse during fertilization.
Meiosis I is preceded by an interphase that includes the G1, S, and G2 phases. These phases are necessary for cell growth and DNA replication which occurs before the cell enters meiosis. Meiosis II follows Meiosis I without any further DNA replication and includes similar stages to those in mitosis, but the cells have only one set of chromosomes instead of two.
In summary, regarding the options presented in the question, the correct answer is B) It produces haploid cells. Meiosis includes two cell divisions, requires an interphase for DNA replication, and does not occur in all cells, but specifically in gamete-producing cells within the gonads.