Final answer:
The Inca Empire's mountainous environment influenced their use of terraced agriculture to maximize arable land and prevent soil erosion, as well as the construction of an intricate road network for efficient transportation and communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Inca Empire's activities, such as the development of terraced agriculture and the construction of extensive road networks, were heavily influenced by its physical environment. The challenging topography with large mountain ranges, steep slopes, and varied climates led to innovative solutions to optimize land use and transportation. Terracing involved cutting step-like formations into the mountainsides to create flat surfaces for agriculture, which not only aided in crop production but also prevented soil erosion and created micro-climates suitable for growing a variety of plants.
In order to connect the vast empire, which stretched along the western coast of South America, a sophisticated system of roads and bridges was constructed. These roads allowed for the efficient movement of armies, goods, and communication across diverse terrains, including flat deserts, jagged mountains, and deep canyons. The road systems featured staircases cut into mountain sides, rope and stone bridges across gorges, and relay stations for travelers and runners who ensured the smooth operation of the empire.