Final answer:
Cell parts like the mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and nucleus are fundamental components of the cell with specific functions such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste breakdown. The nucleus and ribosomes are involved in the production and transport of proteins, while mitochondria provide the energy necessary for cellular activities, including protein synthesis and transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cell Part and Their Functions
Each cell part has a specific role to play within the cell:
- Mitochondria: E. Provides energy for the cell through the production of ATP.
- Ribosomes: I. Makes proteins.
- Golgi Apparatus: B. Packages proteins for export.
- Lysosomes: F. Contains enzymes to break down food and waste.
- Nucleus: H. Contains the cell's chromosomes (DNA).
Integration of Cell Parts in Protein Synthesis and Transport
The nucleus is the site of DNA which codes for proteins. Ribosomes, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, are where proteins are synthesized. The proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are then transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and packaging. From the Golgi, proteins may be directed to various parts of the cell or exported outside the cell.
The Role of Mitochondria
The mitochondria are often referred to as the power plants of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy.
Importance of Ribosomes
All cells require ribosomes to make proteins, including prokaryotic cells that lack a nucleus and other organelles.
Endosymbiotic Theory
The endosymbiotic theory regarding mitochondria suggests that these organelles were once independent prokaryotic cells that were taken up by larger cells in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of their own DNA and double membrane supports this theory.
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are A. Organelles that have functions related to digestion and detoxification.