Final answer:
Lactose intolerance is diagnosed using a hydrogen breath test which identifies elevated levels of hydrogen gas produced by the fermentation of lactose by gut bacteria. Lactose-free dairy products and dietary supplements with lactase enzymes can help manage the condition. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include abdominal discomfort, bloating, and diarrhea.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lactose Intolerance and Hydrogen Breath Test
Lactose intolerance is a common digestive issue where the body is unable to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This intolerance occurs due to a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose in the small intestine. When lactose is not properly digested, it moves into the large intestine where it is fermented by bacteria, producing gases such as hydrogen. The presence of excess hydrogen gas in the exhaled breath of a person can be measured with a hydrogen breath test, which is a tool used to diagnose lactose intolerance. After ingesting lactose, those with lactose intolerance exhale larger amounts of hydrogen, which is a byproduct of the bacterial fermentation in the colon. This method of diagnosis is preferable due to its non-invasiveness and simple procedure.
Dietary alternatives for those with lactose intolerance include a variety of lactose-free dairy products available in grocery stores, as well as dietary supplements that provide lactase enzymes to aid in the digestion of lactose when taken with food. Intestinal biopsies can also be performed for a more definitive diagnosis, but due to its complexity, this procedure is not commonly undertaken.
In addition to hydrogen production, symptoms of lactose intolerance may include abdominal cramps, bloating, and diarrhea, which typically resolve after the lactose passes through the digestive system. For those who cannot digest lactose well, avoiding lactose-containing foods or using lactase supplements can significantly alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.