Final answer:
The correct order from chromosome to trait is Chromosome -> Gene -> Allele -> Trait.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct order from chromosome to trait is c) Chromosome -> Gene -> Allele -> Trait. A chromosome is a long DNA molecule that contains many genes. Each gene is a section of DNA that typically encodes for a specific protein or function, leading to a trait. Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at the same locus (position on a chromosome) and can lead to variations in the phenotypic expression, or the observable traits, of an organism. An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited genes.
The answer to the review question is that the organisms inherit b. genes which are located on chromosomes and come in different versions known as alleles. The combinations of alleles they inherit are their genotype, which influences their phenotype, or the traits they display.
When ordering structures such as chromosomes, nucleotides, and genes, it is important to start from the smallest unit. Therefore, the correct order from smallest to largest is: C. nitrogen base, D. nucleotide, E. codon, B. gene, and A. chromosome.
For the structure organization, the correct answer would be a. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome, as DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which further compact to form chromatin, and ultimately, chromosomes.