Final answer:
Chisels and gouges are both carving tools used to subtract material from a workpiece. Chisels have straight edges, while gouges have curved edges, making them suited for different carving tasks. Carving tool designs have varied across civilizations due to resource availability.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chisels and gouges are both tools used in the process of carving. They are similar in that they are both used to subtract material from a larger mass, such as wood or stone, to shape and create a desired form. However, they differ primarily in the shape of their cutting edge. A chisel typically has a straight cutting edge and is used for making straight cuts and lines, while a gouge has a curved cutting edge that is ideal for creating curved surfaces and hollowing out material. Interestingly, the design of carving tools has been influenced by different civilizations depending on the natural resources available to them.